Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 1 Notes – Humanism Renaissance and Science
Oct. 24, 2025, 2:13 a.m.
Class 10 SSLC Humanism Notes PDF – Renaissance & Science Explained
The Renaissance period marked one of the most important turning points in world history. It was a time when people started thinking differently about life, knowledge, and the universe. This new way of thinking was known as Humanism, a belief that focused on human values, abilities, and discoveries rather than only religious teachings.
In your SSLC History Chapter 1 – Humanism: Renaissance and Science, you’ll learn how this new way of thinking brought major changes in the field of science, especially in Astronomy and Biology. Understanding these changes will help you answer descriptive, one-word, and “match the following” questions in your Social Science exam easily.
Class 10 SSLC Humanism the Renaissance and the Rise of Humanism
The word Renaissance means rebirth. It began in Europe around the 14th century and continued until the 17th century. During this time, scholars, artists, and scientists began to study the world around them with curiosity and logic.
Humanism encouraged people to believe in their ability to learn, reason, and improve life on earth. Instead of depending completely on religion to explain everything, thinkers started to explore nature, art, and science. This movement changed the course of education, literature, and most importantly, scientific research.
Scientific Changes During the Renaissance
Before the Renaissance, most people accepted ideas given by the Church or ancient scholars without questioning them. But as Humanism spread, scientists began using observation and experimentation to understand the world better.
Two major branches of science saw great progress during this time, Astronomy (the study of space and planets) and Biology (the study of living beings).
Changes in Astronomy
During the Middle Ages, people believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. This belief, known as the Geocentric theory, was introduced by Ptolemy. According to him, the Sun and all planets revolved around Earth.
However, Renaissance scientists began to challenge this idea and made discoveries that changed our understanding of space.
Ptolemy – Proposed the Geocentric Model where Earth was believed to be the center of the universe. This belief lasted until the 16th century.
Copernicus – Introduced the Heliocentric Model, saying that the Sun is the center of the universe and the planets revolve around it.
Galileo Galilei – Supported Copernicus’s theory. He invented the telescope and discovered many planets and their moons.
Johannes Kepler – Explained that planets move around the Sun in elliptical orbits and that their speed changes depending on their distance from the Sun.
Isaac Newton – Used Kepler’s work to establish the Law of Gravitation, explaining how gravity controls the movement of planets.
Together, these scientists helped humanity move away from superstitions and closer to scientific truth.
Changes in Biology
Just like Astronomy, Biology also advanced during the Renaissance. Scientists began to study the human body and the causes of diseases using experiments and real observations.
Paracelsus – Studied the causes of diseases and tried to find their remedies. His work became the foundation of modern medicine.
Andreas Vesalius – Dissected human bodies to understand anatomy better. His studies helped doctors gain a correct understanding of how the body functions.
These discoveries opened the door to modern biology and medical science, improving human life and health.
Class 10 SSLC Exam: Importance of Humanism Chapter
SSLC History Chapter 1 – Humanism: Renaissance and Science is one of the most repeated topics in exams. Many question types come from this chapter, such as:
Descriptive or Essay Questions – Explain the scientific changes during the Renaissance.
Match the Following – Match scientists like Ptolemy, Galileo, and Newton with their discoveries.
One-Word Questions – Example: “Who introduced the Heliocentric theory?”
So, make sure you revise each scientist and their contribution clearly.
Watch and Learn – Class 10 SSLC Renaissance and Science Explained
To understand this topic better, you can also watch our detailed Malayalam explanation video on YouTube. It covers all key points — Astronomy, Biology, and exam-focused notes — in a simple, easy-to-remember format.
Watch here:
Watching the video along with reading these notes will help you score better and understand the chapter in a fun, visual way.
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Download Notes PDF (English & Malayalam Medium)
You can access SSLC History Chapter 1 – Humanism: Renaissance and Science notes PDF in both English and Malayalam medium to make your last-minute revision easier. (PDF link will be added soon.)
Also Read: Class 10 SSLC Chemistry – Metallurgy Revision Notes & PDF
Metallurgy is an important topic in the Class 10 SSLC Chemistry syllabus. It explains how metals are separated from their ores — a concept that forms the base for advanced chemistry studies.
In our detailed SSLC Chemistry – Metallurgy Revision Notes & PDF, we’ve explained the process in simple steps to help you revise faster and score better in exams. You’ll learn what metallurgy means, how it works, and why it’s so important in science learning.
Humanism is the belief that human beings have the power to think, question, and create knowledge. It shifted focus from religion to human experience and achievements during the Renaissance.
It was introduced by Copernicus, who said that the Sun is the center of the universe and all planets revolve around it.
The main changes were in Astronomy and Biology — discoveries by Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Paracelsus, and Vesalius changed how people understood the universe and the human body.
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